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Has asthma medication use in children become more frequent, more appropriate, or both?
D C Goodman1, P Lozano, T A Stukel
1Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. david.goodman@dartmouth.edu
Insights
Asthma medication use in children increased significantly from 1984 to 1993. However, inhaled anti-inflammatory use remained low, even for children with severe asthma, indicating potential under-treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Pharmacotherapy Research
- Public Health
Background:
- National initiatives aimed to improve pediatric asthma management.
- Physician prescribing patterns for pediatric asthma medications were not well-documented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends and recent patterns in the use of asthma medications among children.
- To assess the appropriateness of physician prescribing for pediatric asthma.
Main Methods:
- Population-based longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses were conducted.
- Data from a health maintenance organization in Washington state (1984-1993) included 83,232 children (0-17 years).
- Primary outcomes measured were prescription fill rates for asthma medications and duration of inhaled anti-inflammatory use.
Main Results:
- Asthma medication use in children rose from 4.0% to 8.1% between 1984 and 1993.
- Use of inhaled anti-inflammatory inhalers increased from 0.4% to 2.4% during the same period.
- However, the intensity of inhaled anti-inflammatory use decreased among users, and duration of use was notably lower in adolescents compared to younger children.
Conclusions:
- A substantial increase in pediatric asthma medication prescriptions was observed.
- Inhaled anti-inflammatory medication use per patient was low, particularly for those with severe asthma, falling short of national guidelines.
- Findings suggest that most asthma medications were prescribed for children with milder symptoms.
Objective:
Despite national initiatives to improve asthma medical treatment, the appropriateness of physician prescribing for children with asthma remains unknown. This study measures trends and recent patterns in the pediatric use of medications approved for reversible obstructive airway disease (asthma medications).
Design:
Population-based longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. Setting. A nonprofit staff model health maintenance organization located in the Puget Sound area of Washington state.
Participants:
Children 0 to 17 years of age enrolled continuously during any one of the years from 1984 to 1993 (N = 83 232 in 1993). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES. Percent of enrollees filling prescriptions for asthma medications and fill rates by medication class and estimated duration of inhaled antiinflammatory medication use.
Results:
Between 1984 and 1993, the frequency of asthma medication use increased: the percent of children filling any asthma medication prescription increased from 4. 0% to 8.1%, whereas the percent filling an inhaled antiinflammatory inhaler rose from 0.4% to 2.4%. In contrast, the intensity of inhaled antiinflammatory use decreased among users; 37% of users filled more than two inhalers during the year in 1984, and 29% in 1993. In high beta-agonist users (filling more than two beta-agonist inhalers each quarter per year), the estimated duration of inhaled antiinflammatory use increased slightly from a mean of 4.1 months per year in 1984-1986 to 5.0 months in 1991-1993; estimated duration of use in adolescents 10 to 17 years of age was approximately half that of children 5 to 9 years of age.
Conclusions:
The proportion of children using asthma medications increased substantially during the study period, but the use of inhaled antiinflammatory medication per patient remained low even for those using large amounts of inhaled beta-agonists. These findings suggest that most asthma medications were used by children with mild lower airway symptoms and that inhaled antiinflammatory medication use in children with more severe disease fell short of national guidelines.
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