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Inflammatory response to chronic otitis media in DiGeorge syndrome: a case study using immunohistochemistry on
T Ganbo1, I Sando, C D Balaban
1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Abstract:
Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on archival celloidin-embedded human temporal bone sections from an 8-month-old boy with chronic otitis media and DiGeorge syndrome. We employed antigen retrieval methods with saturated sodium hydroxide-methanol solution, microwave incubation, and proteolytic treatment to demonstrate the distribution of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the middle ear. B-lymphocytes and macrophages were observed predominantly within the middle ear mucosa. T-lymphocytes were rare. Further, ICAM-1 was expressed in the vascular endothelium of the lamina propria, as well as infiltrating mononuclear cells. This suggests that the expression of ICAM-1 can be induced in the middle ear with otitis media, even if T-lymphocytes are depressed in a cell-mediated immunodeficiency disorder such as DiGeorge syndrome.
Insights
Chronic otitis media in DiGeorge syndrome shows B-lymphocytes and macrophages in the middle ear mucosa. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression occurs despite low T-lymphocytes, indicating immune response induction.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Otolaryngology
- Pathology
Background:
- DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder.
- Chronic otitis media (COM) is a common complication in children.
- Understanding immune cell infiltration in COM within immunodeficiency is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate immune cell distribution and ICAM-1 expression in the middle ear of an infant with COM and DiGeorge syndrome.
- To correlate immune findings with the underlying immunodeficiency.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemistry on archival human temporal bone sections.
- Antigen retrieval techniques including sodium hydroxide-methanol, microwave, and proteolytic treatment.
- Detection of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, and ICAM-1.
Main Results:
- B-lymphocytes and macrophages were prevalent in the middle ear mucosa.
- T-lymphocytes were found to be rare.
- ICAM-1 expression was observed in vascular endothelium and infiltrating mononuclear cells.
Conclusions:
- COM in DiGeorge syndrome involves significant infiltration of B-lymphocytes and macrophages.
- Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression is inducible in the middle ear during COM, even with T-lymphocyte deficiency.
- This suggests a potential pathway for immune cell recruitment independent of robust T-cell mediated immunity.