Occupational performance needs of a shelter population

Area of Science:

• Occupational therapy
• Social determinants of health
• Homelessness research

Background:

• Limited understanding of occupational performance needs for individuals experiencing homelessness.
• Occupational therapists face unique challenges and opportunities in shelter settings.
• The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is a potential tool for assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the occupational performance needs of people experiencing homelessness.
• To evaluate the utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in this population.
• To identify key themes relevant to occupational therapy practice in shelters.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data from 25 individuals in a homeless shelter.
• Utilized the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) for interviews.
• Explored participant and interviewer feedback on the COPM's application.

Main Results:

• Major themes identified: spirituality, desire for normalcy, choice satisfaction, health concerns, relationships, environment, and poverty.
• Instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., employment, finance, housing, recreation) were prioritized over basic activities.
• The COPM proved effective but requires augmentation with questions on environmental factors, relationships, housing, and spirituality.

Conclusions:

• Occupational therapy practice in shelters requires a nuanced understanding of clients' occupational needs.
• The COPM is a valuable assessment tool for homeless populations but should be supplemented.
• Addressing environmental, relational, housing, and spiritual aspects is crucial for effective occupational therapy interventions.