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Molecular localization and state of amphotericin B in PEG liposomes

K Moribe1, K Maruyama, M Iwatsuru

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa, Japan.

Insights

This study reveals amphotericin B (AmB) in PEG-liposomes exists in two locations and states: aggregated/monomeric and surface/pore-bound. This provides insights into antifungal drug delivery mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Lipid Nanoparticles

Background:

  • Amphotericin B (AmB) is a vital antifungal agent, but its use is limited by toxicity.
  • Liposomal encapsulation, particularly with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated liposomes, is a strategy to improve AmB's therapeutic index.
  • Understanding the precise molecular behavior of AmB within these nanocarriers is crucial for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular localization and physical state of amphotericin B (AmB) within PEG-coated liposomes.
  • To investigate the influence of liposomal composition, specifically dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol (CH), and distearoyl-N-(monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)succinyl) phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG), on AmB encapsulation and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of AmB-encapsulating PEG-liposomes using DPPC, CH, and DSPE-PEG via hydration and extrusion.
  • Utilized PEG/dextran two-phase partition, potassium permeability assays, fluorescence quenching, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to analyze AmB.
  • Quantified AmB encapsulation efficiency in relation to DSPE-PEG and CH content.

Main Results:

  • AmB encapsulation increased with DSPE-PEG incorporation and decreased with cholesterol (CH) content.
  • Two distinct AmB localizations were identified: a complex with DSPE-PEG at the membrane surface and a pore-forming AmB within the hydrophobic core.
  • Amphotericin B was found to exist in both aggregated and monomeric states within the PEG-liposomes.

Conclusions:

  • PEG-liposomes accommodate AmB in distinct molecular arrangements, influencing its interaction with the lipid bilayer.
  • The presence of both surface-bound and pore-forming AmB, along with aggregated and monomeric states, offers a comprehensive understanding of AmB's behavior in this drug delivery system.
  • These findings contribute to the rational design of improved AmB-based liposomal formulations for enhanced antifungal therapy.

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