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Profiles of effective tutors in problem-based learning: scaffolding student learning
W S De Grave1, D H Dolmans, C P van der Vleuten
1Department of Educational Development & Research, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Effective tutoring in problem-based learning involves a balanced approach. Tutors focusing on facilitating the learning process, rather than solely on content expertise, are perceived as more effective by students.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Problem-based learning (PBL) relies heavily on effective tutoring.
- Variations in tutoring strategies and their impact on learning outcomes require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and evaluate different tutor profiles in problem-based learning.
- To determine which tutor behaviors are associated with more effective tutoring.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Tutor Intervention Profile (TIP) instrument to assess tutor behavior across four dimensions: elaboration, directing learning, knowledge integration, and interaction/accountability.
- Analyzed data from 67 tutors across three medical school courses.
Main Results:
- Tutor performance varied significantly across the four TIP dimensions.
- Distinct tutor profiles emerged, with some emphasizing expert knowledge and others focusing on process facilitation.
- Tutors perceived as most effective demonstrated high performance across all four dimensions.
- Tutors who stressed the learning process were rated more effective than those who stressed content, particularly for lower-performing tutors.
Conclusions:
- The findings align with existing research on human tutoring and PBL tutoring.
- Effective tutoring in PBL is characterized by a multidimensional approach that prioritizes process facilitation.
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