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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Direct Observation of Phagocytosis and NET-formation by Neutrophils in Infected Lungs using 2-photon Microscopy
Published on: June 2, 2011
[Electron microscope study of lung carcinoid]
N T Raĭklin1, E A Smirnova, B E Polotskiĭ
1N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow.
Abstract:
123 lung carcinoids were studied, 32 of them electron-microscopically. Ultrastructural features were evaluated with the use of multivariate analysis. The most informative ultrastructural features were the following: correlation between differentiated and undifferentiated cells, the number of cytoplasm organoids including endocrine granules, degree of nuclei polymorphism and their size, specialized contacts, mitoses. Up to 18% of carcinoids, on the average, need ultrastructural verification of the anaplasia degree, this percentage increasing to 27.2% in atypical carcinoids. The above ultrastructural criteria allow to specify malignant potential of carcinoids, facilitate differential diagnosis and make their prognosis.

