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[Parvovirus B19 infection--an insidious chameleon]
K Broliden1, T Tolfvenstam, N Papadogiannakis
1Kliniskt virologiska laboratoriet, Karolinska institutet.
Abstract:
Parvovirus B19 is a common source of infection with a seroprevalence of 60-70 per cent in the adult population. The most common manifestation is erythema infectiosum ('fifth disease'), with exanthem, fever and upper airway symptoms in children. The infection can give rise to a multifacetted clinical picture and is probably underdiagnosed, particularly in risk groups (individuals with haemolytic anaemia or immunosuppression, and fetuses). Serological diagnosis can now be complemented with the demonstration of viral DNA using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test in various body fluids, or tissue biopsy. Recent years have witnessed manifest increase in clinical knowledge of parvovirus B19-associated complications, and their diagnosis and treatment.
Insights
Parvovirus B19 infection is common, causing Fifth Disease in children. Advanced PCR testing aids diagnosis, improving care for high-risk individuals and fetuses.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Parvovirus B19 is a widespread human pathogen, with 60-70% seroprevalence in adults.
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease) is the most recognized manifestation, primarily affecting children with characteristic symptoms.
Observation:
- Parvovirus B19 infection presents a complex clinical spectrum, often leading to underdiagnosis, especially in vulnerable populations.
- High-risk groups include individuals with hemolytic anemia, immunosuppression, and fetuses, where complications can be severe.
Findings:
- Serological testing is standard, but molecular methods like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for viral DNA detection offer enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- PCR can be performed on various body fluids and tissue biopsies, providing crucial diagnostic information.
Implications:
- Increased clinical knowledge of Parvovirus B19 complications facilitates earlier diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies.
- Improved diagnostic tools and understanding are vital for managing Parvovirus B19 in at-risk populations and preventing adverse outcomes.