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Acanthamoeba keratitis: a review.

I Claerhout1, P Kestelyn

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.

Bulletin De La Societe Belge D'Ophtalmologie
|February 12, 2000
PubMed
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Early diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is crucial. Prompt identification and combination therapy improve visual outcomes and reduce the need for corneal transplants in this protozoan eye infection.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe protozoan infection of the cornea.
  • It presents with a prolonged and often therapy-resistant course.
  • Risk factors include contact lens wear and exposure to contaminated water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis of AK.
  • To outline diagnostic methods for identifying Acanthamoeba in suspected cases.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies and their impact on visual prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination for characteristic signs like excessive pain and radial keratoneuritis.
  • Diagnostic tests including specific Acanthamoeba cultures and histopathological stainings.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Corneal biopsy when necessary for definitive diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • A combination of clinical signs and patient history aids early detection.
    • Improved diagnostic capabilities lead to earlier identification of AK.
    • Timely diagnosis facilitates effective combination therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Suspected cases of therapy-resistant keratitis warrant Acanthamoeba investigation.
    • Early and accurate diagnosis is key to successful management.
    • Combination therapy with agents like polyhexamethylene biguanide or chlorhexidine, propamidine, and neomycin improves visual prognosis and reduces keratoplasty rates.