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Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians
Published on: May 12, 2019
Update on adolescent contraception
1Department of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, USA.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|February 29, 2000
Summary
Modern hormonal contraceptives, including oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), offer safe and effective options. Emergency contraception remains underutilized due to low awareness among patients and clinicians.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Contraception
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have advanced with less androgenic progestins and lower ethinyl estradiol doses.
- Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a safe, effective long-acting contraceptive, with irregular bleeding as its primary side effect.
- Norplant, a subdermal implant, offers high continuation rates and is suitable for specific patient groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in hormonal contraception.
- To discuss the safety and efficacy of OCPs, DMPA, and Norplant.
- To highlight the underuse and importance of emergency postcoital contraception.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advances in hormonal contraceptive methods.
- Analysis of safety profiles, efficacy, and side effects of various contraceptive agents.
- Examination of current trends and challenges in emergency contraception utilization.
Main Results:
- Low-dose OCPs are safe regarding venous thrombosis risk in selected patients.
- DMPA is safe and effective, with irregular bleeding as the main concern; its effects on mood and weight require further investigation.
- Norplant demonstrates high continuation rates and is a suitable option for adolescents and those intolerant to other methods.
- Emergency contraception is underused due to lack of awareness, with mechanisms including ovulation delay and implantation interference.
Conclusions:
- Hormonal contraceptive options have evolved, offering safe and effective choices for various populations.
- Addressing side effects like irregular bleeding and increasing awareness of emergency contraception are crucial for optimizing contraceptive use.
- Further research is needed on DMPA's long-term effects, particularly on adolescent bone metabolism.
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