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Menopause in Cancer Survivors
Mary Jane Minkin1, Lisa Larkin2, Maryam B Lustberg3
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|July 27, 2026
Summary
Cancer treatments can cause early menopause in women, impacting fertility and long-term health. This significantly affects cardiovascular, bone, and neurological well-being, diminishing quality of life for survivors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Women's Health
Background:
- Cancer is a leading diagnosis for millions of women globally.
- Cancer therapies, while life-saving, can have profound long-term effects on women's health.
- Reproductive health and fertility are particularly vulnerable to oncologic treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the impact of cancer therapies on female reproductive health.
- To understand the consequences of treatment-induced menopause on survivors' well-being.
- To highlight the broad physiological and psychological effects of estrogen loss.
Main Methods:
- Review of current cancer treatment modalities (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal agents).
- Analysis of reported effects on fertility and menopausal status.
- Assessment of the physiological and psychological sequelae of premature menopause.
Main Results:
- Cancer therapies frequently lead to altered fertility and induced menopause (temporary or permanent).
- The loss of estrogen significantly impacts cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological health.
- Survivors experience substantial psychological and physiological distress due to menopause.
Conclusions:
- Cancer treatments pose significant risks to female reproductive function and long-term health.
- Induced menopause necessitates comprehensive management strategies to mitigate adverse health outcomes.
- Addressing the multifaceted impact of menopause is crucial for improving survivors' quality of life and well-being.
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