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Intra- and extra-cellular lactate shuttles.

G A Brooks1

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3140, USA. GBrooks@Socrates.Berkeley.Edu

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|April 25, 2000
PubMed
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The lactate shuttle hypothesis explains how lactate distributes energy. New evidence highlights intracellular mitochondrial transport as key for lactate oxidation during exercise.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The lactate shuttle hypothesis proposes lactate's role in energy distribution across tissues and cellular compartments.
  • Lactate is primarily disposed of via oxidation (75-80%) or conversion to glucose/glycogen.
  • Lactate transport across cell membranes involves monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the understanding of the lactate shuttle hypothesis.
  • To investigate the role of intracellular lactate transport and mitochondrial metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing human studies on lactate metabolism in resting and exercising states.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of lactate transport across cellular and mitochondrial membranes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of the role of mitochondrial monocarboxylate transporters (mMCT) and lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH).

    • Main Results:

    • Lactate flux in vivo is likely regulated by mitochondrial monocarboxylate uptake and oxidation.
    • Mitochondria possess specific transporters (mMCT) and enzymes (mLDH) for lactate metabolism.
    • The lactate shuttle hypothesis is modified to include an intracellular component: cytosolic to mitochondrial exchange.

    Conclusions:

    • Intracellular lactate shuttle emphasizes mitochondrial redox role in lactate oxidation during exercise.
    • Mitochondrial lactate metabolism is crucial for energy distribution and disposal.
    • Further research into short-term regulation of cell membrane transporters is needed.