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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Screening for oxygen sensitivity in U.S. Navy combat swimmers.

K C Walters¹, M T Gould, E A Bachrach

¹Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California 92134-5000, USA.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc

|May 17, 2000

Summary

Oxygen tolerance testing for Navy SEAL candidates is not useful. A review of 6,250 tests showed a very low incidence of oxygen toxicity, suggesting the screening is unnecessary.

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Area of Science:

Naval medicine
Hyperbaric physiology
Occupational health

Background:

The U.S. Naval Special Warfare Community screens combat swimmer candidates for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) toxicity.
Oxygen tolerance testing has been historically used for this screening process.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of oxygen tolerance testing for U.S. Navy SEAL candidates.
To determine the incidence of oxygen toxicity in this population.

Main Methods:

Review of oxygen tolerance test data from 1976-1997 (6,250 tests) at Naval Special Warfare Center and Naval Special Warfare Group One.
Analysis of Naval Safety Center data from 1986-1997 for oxygen toxicity during LAR V dives (157,930 dives).

Main Results:

Only six episodes of O2 toxicity were found in 6,250 tests (0.096% incidence).
This incidence is significantly lower than previously reported rates.
Only one O2 toxicity episode occurred during 157,930 LAR V dives.

Conclusions:

Oxygen tolerance testing is not a useful screening tool for U.S. Navy SEAL candidates.
Factors beyond individual sensitivity likely contribute to O2 toxicity.
Discontinuation of oxygen tolerance testing is recommended.