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Serum phosphate in acute myocardial infarction
D Vaidyanathan1, S Venkatesan, V K Ramadesikan
1Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai.
Insights
Hypophosphatemia, or low phosphate levels, in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is linked to impaired left ventricular (LV) function. This condition also increases the risk of 30-day mortality in AMI survivors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Clinical Biochemistry
Background:
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical condition with significant morbidity and mortality.
- The role of serum phosphate levels in the pathophysiology and prognosis of AMI requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum phosphate levels and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with AMI.
- To analyze the relationship between phosphate levels and 30-day mortality following AMI.
Main Methods:
- Serum phosphate levels were measured in 40 AMI patients using a kinetic assay.
- Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed via echocardiography.
- Patients were monitored for 30-day mortality.
Main Results:
- Hypophosphatemia (phosphate < 2.5 mg/dl) was identified in 27% of AMI patients.
- Patients with hypophosphatemia exhibited significantly reduced mean ejection fraction (EF) compared to those with normal phosphate levels (0.35 vs. 0.53, p < 0.001).
- The 30-day mortality rate was higher in the hypophosphatemia group (28%) compared to the normal phosphate group (6.8%).
Conclusions:
- Hypophosphatemia in the context of AMI is significantly associated with impaired LV function.
- Low phosphate levels in AMI patients correlate with an increased risk of 30-day mortality.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to measure phosphate levels in AMI, compare and analyse its relation with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and mortality. Serum phosphate was measured by kinetic assay method in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Echocardiographic LV function was assessed in all and the patients were followed up for 30 days. Hypophosphatemia (< 2.5 mg/dl) was observed in 27% of AMI patients (11/40). These patients formed group 1 of our study. The rest 73% patients (29/40) with normal phosphate levels formed group 2. Mean Phosphate level in group 1 was 1.96 mg/dl (range 1.2-2.37) and mean ejection fraction (EF) was .35 (range .25-.50, p value < .001). Mean phosphate in group 2 was 3.693 (range 2.6-6.00) and mean EF was .53 (range .38-.65, p value < .001). In hospital mortality of the group 1 was 28% (3/11) while in group 2 was 6.8% (2/29). We conclude hypophosphatemia in AMI is associated with LV dysfunction which results in increased 30 day mortality.