Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

pH, pK(a) and dermal delivery.

J Hadgraft1, C Valenta

  • 1The Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, CF1 3XF, Cardiff, UK. hadgraft@cardiff.ac.uk

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|June 27, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Compartmental modeling of skin absorption and desorption kinetics: Donor solvent evaporation, variable diffusion/partition coefficients, and slow equilibration process within stratum corneum.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2022
Same author

3D-Printed Franz cells - update on optimization of manufacture and evaluation.

International journal of cosmetic science·2020
Same author

Characterization and topical delivery of phenylethyl resorcinol.

International journal of cosmetic science·2019
Same author

3D-printed Franz type diffusion cells.

International journal of cosmetic science·2018
Same author

Compartmental modeling of skin transport.

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V·2018
Same author

Hexamidine salts - applications in skin health and personal care products.

International journal of cosmetic science·2017
Same journal

Lipid digestion- driven drug fate as a key determinant of SNEDDS performance: Mechanistic basis of absorption and in vitro- in vivo disconnect.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Redox-responsive nanomedicine beyond glutathione: harnessing reactive oxygen species and emerging endogenous triggers for precision drug delivery.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Preventing tablet defects through vacuum-assisted deaeration of a powder bed.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Approaches for enhancing bioavailability of macromolecular drugs.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Characteristics of asymmetric microcrystalline solidification pellets and a better prediction for bioequiavailability based on solubility-permeability theory.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

A CFPD-FSI analysis of the impact of nasal hairs on airflow patterns, nasal resistance, and particle filtration in a realistic human nasal airway.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
See all related articles

The pH significantly impacts drug permeation through human skin, with ionized drugs potentially traversing lipophilic pathways. This finding could reshape topical and transdermal formulation strategies for optimal drug delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Drug permeation through skin is crucial for topical and transdermal delivery.
  • Understanding the influence of physicochemical properties, like ionization state, on drug transport is essential for formulation development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the effect of pH on ibuprofen and lignocaine permeation through human skin.
  • To investigate the role of ionization and distribution coefficients in drug permeation.
  • To explore potential pathways for ionized drug permeation.

Main Methods:

  • Modified Potts and Guy equation used for modeling.
  • Physicochemical properties predicted ab initio using commercial software.
  • Comparison of predicted properties with literature values.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Permeation is directly related to the distribution coefficient.
  • Significant permeation of ionized drugs observed through lipophilic pathways, possibly via ion pairing.
  • Maximum flux may occur at high ionization pH due to increased aqueous solubility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model successfully predicts drug permeation, considering ionization.
  • Ionized drugs can permeate the skin via lipophilic routes, challenging conventional assumptions.
  • Optimal topical and transdermal formulations might not be based solely on the free acid or free base forms.