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Related Experiment Videos

Gene regulation by thyroid hormone.

Y Wu1, R J Koenig

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 5560 MSRB-II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0678, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|July 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression by binding DNA. Ligand binding causes TRs to switch from repressing to activating transcription via coregulator complexes.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Gene expression is regulated by thyroid hormones (T3, T4) through thyroid hormone receptors (TRs).
  • TRs function as ligand-dependent DNA-binding transcription factors.
  • TRs can either activate or repress gene transcription based on promoter context and ligand presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression.
  • To understand the role of coregulator complexes in TR-mediated transcriptional control.
  • To investigate ligand-dependent conformational changes in TRs and their impact on transcription.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the interaction of TRs with corepressor and coactivator complexes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of TRs' function in response to ligand binding.
  • Investigation of histone acetylation and deacetylation in TR action.

    • Main Results:

    • In the absence of ligand, TRs associate with corepressor complexes (histone deacetylase activity), inhibiting transcription.
    • Ligand binding induces a conformational change, replacing corepressors with coactivator complexes (histone acetyltransferase activity), leading to transcriptional activation.
    • TRs can influence transcription through mechanisms independent of histone acetylation/deacetylation, involving direct interaction with the basal transcriptional machinery.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormone receptors act as molecular switches, modulating gene expression through dynamic interactions with coregulator complexes.
    • Ligand binding is crucial for the transition from transcriptional repression to activation.
    • TRs employ diverse mechanisms, including histone modification and direct interaction with the basal transcription apparatus, to regulate gene expression.