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222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities
Summary
A new system measures radon-222 emanation for the Borexino solar neutrino experiment. It achieves high sensitivity for radon detection in large samples, enabling precise measurements of emanation rates.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear physics
- Particle astrophysics
- Environmental radioactivity
Background:
- The Borexino experiment requires extremely low background radioactivity.
- Radon-222 (Rn) is a significant source of background radiation in sensitive experiments.
- Accurate measurement of Rn emanation from materials is crucial for background reduction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and characterize a system for measuring radon-222 emanation in large-volume samples.
- To achieve high sensitivity for Rn detection to enable measurement of low emanation rates.
- To support the Borexino solar neutrino experiment by characterizing material radioactivity.
Main Methods:
- Construction of a high-vacuum apparatus using electropolished stainless steel.
- Utilizing a sensitive detection method for extracted radon.
- Employing large-volume emanation chambers (up to 80 liters).
Main Results:
- The system achieves a sensitivity level of 70-100 microBq 222Rn.
- Specific emanation rates as low as several microBq/m2 can be measured.
- The apparatus is designed for low blank activity.
Conclusions:
- The developed system is highly sensitive and suitable for measuring radon emanation in materials relevant to the Borexino experiment.
- The large sample capacity allows for precise characterization of material radioactivity.
- This capability is essential for minimizing background noise in low-energy neutrino detection.