Squamous cell carcinoma in an American bison (Bison bison bison)

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pathology
• Wildlife Oncology
• Bovine Medicine

Background:

• Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common skin cancer in various species.
• Documentation of SCC in American bison (Bison bison bison) is rare.
• Understanding neoplasia in wildlife is crucial for conservation and health management.

Observation:

• A female American bison presented with an ulcerated flank lesion at a brand site.
• The lesion progressively enlarged over several months.
• Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.

Findings:

• The bison's squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated aggressive growth.
• Metastasis was observed in the liver, lung, and a prefemoral lymph node.
• This represents the first reported case of SCC in a purebred American bison.

Implications:

• This case highlights the potential for squamous cell carcinoma development in American bison.
• Further research into risk factors and early detection of cancer in bison is warranted.
• Findings contribute to the broader understanding of comparative oncology in large mammals.