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omega-3 fatty acids decrease endothelial adhesion of human colorectal carcinoma cells.

M Kontogiannea1, A Gupta, F Ntanios

  • 1Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|July 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Omega-3 fatty acids reduce colon cancer spread to the liver by decreasing cancer cell adhesion to liver cells. This may involve reducing the expression of a key adhesion molecule called sialyl-Lewis(x).

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids show promise in reducing colon cancer initiation and promotion.
  • The impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the formation of hepatic metastases, a critical stage in cancer spread, is less understood.
  • Cancer cell adhesion to hepatic endothelial cells is a key step in the metastatic cascade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid enrichment on the adhesion of human colorectal carcinoma (HCRC) cells to hepatic endothelial cells.
  • To explore the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing hepatic metastasis formation.

Main Methods:

  • Human colorectal carcinoma (CX-1) cells were cultured in omega-3 fatty acid-enriched medium.
  • Membrane fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas chromatography.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Adhesion assays were performed using (51)Cr-labeled CX-1 cells and stimulated human umbilical vein and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to assess the expression of sialyl-Lewis(x) on CX-1 cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Gas chromatography confirmed significant enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexanoic acid) in CX-1 cell membranes.
    • Binding of CX-1 cells to both types of endothelial cells decreased significantly after omega-3 treatment (from 38.4% to 11.58%).
    • Immunocytochemical analysis revealed a reduction in sialyl-Lewis(x) expression on omega-3 treated CX-1 cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Omega-3 fatty acids may offer protection against the development of hepatic metastases.
    • The mechanism underlying this protective effect appears to be reduced endothelial cell adhesion.
    • This reduction in adhesion may be attributed to decreased expression of the endothelial receptor sialyl-Lewis(x).