Intermittent infusion of inotropes in the outpatient setting: one-year post treatment analysis

The course of patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and IV and refractory heart failure symptoms is characterized by progressive clinical deterioration and frequent hospital readmissions. The value of intermittent intravenous administration of inotropes in managing this group of patients in the outpatient setting has been controversial. In this study, patients with refractory heart failure symptoms were enrolled to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary outpatient program in terms of on hospital admissions, emergency room visits, and interval free of symptoms after administration of inotropes. This is a retrospective analysis on 41 patients with refractory heart failure treated at our outpatient cardiac infusion unit over a 20 month period. Thirteen patients with a NYHA class III [age 64 +/- 13; LVEF 27 +/- 9%] and 28 patients with a NYHA class IV [age 65 +/- 13 years; LVEF 21 +/- 9%], mostly males, were included. A total of 65 admissions for decompensated HF were recorded in the previous 6-months prior to initiation of the outpatient program; compared to only 4 emergency room visits and 7 hospital admissions after enrollment. Furthermore, 17 patients have been discharged with improvement in NYHA class from 3.5 +/- 0.6 to 1.4 +/- 0.5. On these patients, the interval free of symptoms since the last infusion treatment has ranged from 201 to 489 days, without emergency room visits or hospital admissions for congestive heart failure. The results of this study support the use of intermittent infusion of inotropes in the outpatient setting. Although the natural history for patients with refractory heart failure has been grim; the use of these intermittent infusions may in fact alter the natural course of end stage congestive heart failure patients and deserves further investigation.