Perioperative outcomes in octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery in Puerto Rico

With the advances in surgical techniques and the advent of an aging population, the application of cardiac surgeries has broadened to include those patients over the age of 80. In order to characterize the in-hospital morbidity and mortality of elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our cardiovascular center, a retrospective review of all medical records of consecutive octogenarian patients was made. Between January 1998 and April 1999, 76 patients (mean age (SD), 82.5 (2.6)) underwent cardiac surgery, of which, 61.8% were males. Surgical procedures consisted of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 64 patients, isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 4 patients, combined CABG and left carotid endarterectomy in 4 patients, combined CABG and AVR in 2 patients, combined CABG and aortic aneurysm repair in 1 patient and combined AVR and aortic dissection repair in 1 patient. Surgery was elective in 51.3% of patients and seventy-one percent (54) experienced at least one postoperative complication. The most common complication was atrial arrhythmia (28) followed by low cardiac output (23) and pneumonia (16). Hospital mortality occurred in 11 (14.7%) patients, an estimate in agreement with previous published studies on octogenarians. Since the number of patients studied was small, these results require confirmation by other cardiovascular centers in the island. Further research to determine independent predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality, to assess survival and quality of life after cardiac surgery and to evaluate cost-effectiveness considering new trends in managed health care is warranted.