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Related Experiment Videos

Coronavirus-associated epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets.

B H Williams1, M Kiupel, K H West

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|August 23, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets is strongly linked to a coronavirus. This study identified characteristic lesions and viral antigens in affected animals, confirming a novel cause of ferret diarrhea.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Virology
  • Small Animal Medicine

Background:

  • Epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE) is a significant gastrointestinal disease in domestic ferrets.
  • The causative agent of ECE has remained elusive, impacting diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical signs and pathological lesions associated with ECE in ferrets.
  • To identify the specific etiologic agent responsible for this disease outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 119 ferrets with suspected ECE and 5 control ferrets.
  • Review of clinical records and histopathological examination of biopsy/necropsy specimens.
  • Immunohistochemical staining for coronavirus antigen, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of fecal and jejunal samples, and virus isolation attempts.

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Main Results:

  • Microscopic lesions consistent with intestinal coronavirus infection, including enterocyte degeneration, villus atrophy, and lymphocytic enteritis, were consistently observed in affected ferrets.
  • TEM confirmed the presence of coronavirus particles in feces and jejunal enterocytes.
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed coronavirus antigens in the jejunum of affected ferrets, with no staining in healthy controls or ferrets with other gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The findings strongly implicate a coronavirus as the causative agent of epizootic catarrhal enteritis in domestic ferrets.
  • Diagnosis can be established through a combination of historical data, clinical presentation, and characteristic microscopic findings.