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Cholera vaccines.

E T Ryan1, S B Calderwood

  • 1Tropical and Geographic Medicine Center, Travelers' Advice and Immunization Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. etryan@partners.org

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|September 15, 2000
PubMed
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Cholera poses a global health risk, especially for travelers. Oral cholera vaccines offer better protection and tolerability than the U.S. injectable option, though none cover all strains.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Cholera remains a significant cause of illness and death globally.
  • Travelers to endemic areas face a small but present risk of cholera infection.
  • Current U.S. vaccine options are limited to an injectable, poorly tolerated formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available cholera vaccines for travelers.
  • To compare the efficacy and tolerability of different cholera vaccine formulations.
  • To highlight gaps in current cholera vaccine protection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cholera vaccine studies.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for oral cholera vaccines.
  • Comparison of parenteral and oral vaccine characteristics.

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Main Results:

  • Two oral vaccines, WC-rBS and CVD 103-HgR, are available outside the U.S. and are well-tolerated.
  • WC-rBS demonstrated 80%-85% protection against serogroup O1 cholera for at least 6 months.
  • CVD 103-HgR showed 62%-100% protection against cholera for at least 6 months.
  • No current vaccines protect against V. cholerae serogroup O139.

Conclusions:

  • Oral cholera vaccines offer effective and well-tolerated alternatives to parenteral vaccines.
  • Existing vaccines do not provide comprehensive protection against all cholera strains.
  • Development of new cholera vaccines, including those targeting O139, is ongoing.