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Selenium in ruminant nutrition: a review.

C B Ammerman, S M Miller

    Journal of Dairy Science
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Selenium is an essential nutrient for most animal species, crucial for preventing deficiency diseases like white muscle disease in young livestock. Ensuring adequate selenium intake is vital for optimal animal performance and health.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Nutrition
    • Trace Element Metabolism
    • Veterinary Medicine

    Background:

    • Selenium's historical perception shifted from toxicity to essential dietary nutrient since 1957.
    • Dietary selenium requirement is approximately 0.1 ppm for most species.
    • Deficiencies are confirmed in cattle and sheep globally, causing issues like white muscle disease and infertility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the established knowledge on selenium's role in animal nutrition.
    • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing subclinical selenium deficiencies.
    • To assess the current nutritional status of ruminants regarding selenium.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on selenium deficiency and supplementation in ruminants and non-ruminants.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic methods, including tissue selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity.
  • Analysis of various selenium supplementation strategies and their efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical signs of selenium deficiency, such as white muscle disease and infertility, are prevalent in young livestock.
    • Subclinical deficiencies can limit performance, especially in drylot feeding scenarios.
    • Supplemental selenium (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, elemental selenium) effectively prevents deficiency signs.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium is an essential dietary component for animal health, with deficiencies impacting livestock globally.
    • Accurate assessment of selenium status in ruminants is needed, particularly concerning dietary intake and tissue/milk concentrations.
    • Further research is required for regulatory approval of selenium supplementation in U.S. ruminants.