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The three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex during prolonged microgravity.

A H Clarke1, J Grigull, R Mueller

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. clarke@zedat.fu-berlin.de

Experimental Brain Research
|October 25, 2000
PubMed
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Spaceflight altered the three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular response (VOR), reducing torsional VOR gain in microgravity and inverting vertical VOR gain asymmetry. These changes highlight otolith function and long-term adaptation to space.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Physiology
  • Vestibular System Research

Background:

  • The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes gaze during head movements.
  • Understanding three-dimensional VOR in microgravity is crucial for astronaut health and space exploration.
  • Previous research has focused primarily on horizontal and vertical VOR components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in the three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) in microgravity.
  • To compare spaceflight VOR with laboratory-based control studies.
  • To elucidate the role of otolith responses and adaptive mechanisms in spaceflight.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal single-case studies with two astronauts over a 180-day space mission.
  • Control study with 13 healthy volunteers in various head positions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Videooculography and head-mounted rate sensors to measure eye and head movements.
  • Analysis of horizontal, vertical, and torsional VOR gain and phase, and Listing's plane inclination.

    • Main Results:

    • Spaceflight subjects showed no significant change in horizontal/vertical VOR gain with real targets but inverted vertical VOR up/down asymmetry.
    • Torsional VOR gain was reduced in microgravity, with partial recovery, and showed a post-flight dip and recovery.
    • Control group VOR gain was near unity for real targets, reduced for imaginary targets, with no significant change in vertical VOR gain during head pitch in the onside position.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced torsional VOR in microgravity is linked to the absence of gravity-dependent otolith stimulation.
    • Reversed vertical VOR asymmetry in microgravity is attributed to the unloading of the Earth's 1-g bias on otoliths.
    • Observed adaptations suggest longer-term adaptive processes involving neck proprioception and efference copy.