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Microiontophoresis and Micromanipulation for Intravital Fluorescence Imaging of the Microcirculation
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Transdermal drug delivery using iontophoresis and phonophoresis

D Roberts1

  • 1Centura Health/Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, USA.

Orthopedic Nursing
|October 29, 2000
PubMed

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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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