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Related Experiment Videos

State anxiety and motor performance: testing the conscious processing hypothesis.

R Mullen1, L Hardy

  • 1School of Sport, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cyncoed Campus, UK. rhmullen@uwic.ac.uk

Journal of Sports Sciences
|October 31, 2000
PubMed
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Implicit learning may be robust under stress because it desensitizes learners to self-generated verbalizations, making them less susceptible to anxiety. This study explored this and other explanations for implicit skill resilience.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Learning
  • Sports Psychology

Background:

  • Explicitly learned skills are often less robust under stress than implicitly learned skills.
  • A potential reason for implicit skill robustness is desensitization to self-generated verbalizations due to concurrent tasks during learning.
  • This study investigates this "desensitization hypothesis" and considers Processing Efficiency Theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that implicit learning confers stress resilience by desensitizing learners to self-generated verbalizations.
  • To examine the impact of increased state anxiety on the kinematic aspects of performance breakdowns.
  • To evaluate Processing Efficiency Theory as an alternative explanation for implicit skill robustness.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants learned golf putting implicitly while generating random letters.
  • State anxiety was induced, and its effect on putting task performance was measured.
  • Kinematic analysis of the putting stroke and self-reported effort were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Task performance partially supported the conscious processing hypothesis, suggesting explicit awareness plays a role.
    • Kinematic analysis of the putting stroke under stress yielded equivocal results.
    • Self-reported effort scores provided partial support for Processing Efficiency Theory.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings offer partial support for the conscious processing hypothesis regarding stress and skill performance.
    • The robustness of implicitly learned skills under stress may be partly explained by reduced self-awareness or desensitization.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying implicit skill resilience under pressure.