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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
Published on: July 10, 2012
Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus in a patient after peripheral blood stem cell
Introduction:
We report a case of pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus 2 years after matched unrelated stem cell transplant.
Clinical Picture:
The patient presented with dyspnoea and obstructive airway disease coinciding with the onset of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Following treatment with higher immunosuppressive therapy for presumptive diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans, he subsequently developed recurrent spontaneous pneumomediastinum and progressive respiratory failure.
Treatment And Outcome:
Tracheobronchial biopsy and culture of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. Despite mechanical ventilation and antifungal therapy, he succumbed to progressive respiratory failure.
Conclusions And Clinical Implications:
Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be suspected in heavily immunosuppressed stem cell transplant recipients presenting with recurrent pneumomediastinum and progressive respiratory failure.
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