The computer crossmatch: a safe alternative to the serological crossmatch

Area of Science:

• Transfusion Medicine
• Immunohaematology
• Laboratory Science

Background:

• The crossmatch procedure has significantly evolved over time.
• Historically, it was the primary focus for ensuring blood transfusion compatibility.
• Current practices include immediate spin and computer crossmatching, altering safety paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution of the crossmatch in compatibility testing.
• To highlight the shift in safety emphasis from crossmatch to antibody screen.
• To discuss the safety and benefits of computer crossmatching.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical and current crossmatching techniques.
• Analysis of safety implications of different crossmatch methods.
• Consideration of UK guidelines for computer crossmatching implementation.

Main Results:

• Computer crossmatching eliminates serological testing, relying on validation for ABO/RhD type accuracy.
• Potential risks exist with both serological and computer crossmatching due to technical errors.
• The introduction of computer crossmatching shifts the safety focus to the antibody screen.

Conclusions:

• Computer crossmatching is a safe and beneficial practice widely adopted globally.
• Proper validation and adherence to guidelines are crucial for safe computer crossmatching.
• Overall blood transfusion safety relies on multiple elements, including patient identification and compatibility testing.