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Ophthalmologic abnormalities in mentally retarded.
J C Mwanza1, C M Nkidiaka, D L Kayembe
1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 123, Kinshasa 11, Dem. Rep. of Congo. jcmwanza@hotmail.com
Bulletin De La Societe Belge D'Ophtalmologie
|December 29, 2000
Summary
Ophthalmologic abnormalities are common in mentally retarded individuals, affecting over 60%. Regular eye screenings are crucial for early detection and management of these visual impairments.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Medical Genetics
Background:
- Intellectual disability is associated with a higher incidence of various health conditions.
- Ophthalmologic issues can significantly impact development and quality of life in individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and types of ophthalmologic abnormalities in institutionalized mentally retarded subjects.
- To highlight the need for routine ophthalmic examinations in this population.
Main Methods:
- Ophthalmologic examinations were conducted on 73 institutionalized subjects (aged 5-19 years).
- Evaluations included visual acuity, pupillary reflexes, ocular motility, adnexa, anterior segment, and funduscopy.
- Pediatric, neurological, and other specialist evaluations were performed as indicated.
Main Results:
- Ophthalmologic abnormalities were detected in 60.2% of subjects.
- Common findings included optic atrophy (16.4%), refractive errors (15%), hypertelorism (12.3%), epicanthus (10.9%), and nystagmus (8.2%).
- Visual impairment was noted in 41.6% of those tested, with 10.9% requiring glasses and 9.6% needing surgery.
Conclusions:
- A high prevalence of ophthalmologic abnormalities exists in mentally retarded individuals.
- These findings underscore the critical importance of systematic ophthalmologic screening for mentally disabled individuals.
- Early detection and intervention can mitigate the impact of visual impairments on development.