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Recognition and function of Valpha14 NKT cells.

M Taniguchi1, T Nakayama

  • 1CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) Project and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. taniguti@med.m.chiba-u.ac.jp

Seminars in Immunology
|January 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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A novel V alpha 14 NKT cell lineage, distinct from T cells, recognizes specific antigens via CD1d. These cells exhibit diverse immune functions and suggest regulatory roles in the immune system.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • T cell research

Background:

  • A novel lymphocyte lineage, V alpha 14 NKT cells, has been identified.
  • These cells are distinct from conventional alpha-beta T cells.
  • V alpha 14 NKT cells express a single invariant V alpha 14 antigen receptor crucial for their development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the novel V alpha 14 NKT cell lineage.
  • To understand their antigen recognition and functional capabilities.
  • To explore their potential regulatory roles in the immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of V alpha 14 NKT cells.
  • Analysis of their antigen receptor.
  • Investigation of their recognition of glycolipid antigens and parasitic glycophosphatidylinositols (GPI) in association with CD1d.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of their cytokine production (Th1/Th2) and cytotoxic functions.

    • Main Results:

    • V alpha 14 NKT cells possess a unique invariant V alpha 14 antigen receptor.
    • They recognize alpha-galactosylceramide and parasitic GPIs via CD1d.
    • These cells exhibit both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production.
    • They also demonstrate perforin/granzyme B-mediated cytotoxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • V alpha 14 NKT cells represent a distinct lymphocyte lineage with unique antigen recognition properties.
    • They possess multifaceted immune functions, including cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity.
    • Emerging evidence points to their significant regulatory role within the immune system, though precise functions require further elucidation.