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Attention and performance.

H Pashler1, J C Johnston, E Ruthruff

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. hpashler@ucsd.edu

Annual Review of Psychology
|January 10, 2001
PubMed
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Attentional control is more influenced by task sets than previously thought, and practice effects are less significant. Automaticity in mental operations is less robust than commonly believed, impacting performance.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Performance Studies

Background:

  • Investigating the mechanisms of attentional control and the impact of practice on cognitive performance.
  • Examining the role of stimulus-driven capture versus top-down control in attention.
  • Understanding the development and robustness of automaticity in mental operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in attention and performance research.
  • To re-evaluate the prevailing assumptions about attentional control and automaticity.
  • To explore the influence of task sets and practice on cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on attention, automaticity, and task switching.
  • Analysis of experimental findings concerning stimulus attributes and attentional capture.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of research on the effects of practice and task engagement on performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Attentional control is significantly shaped by voluntarily adopted task sets, challenging the notion of "wired-in" stimulus capture.
    • The robustness of automaticity is less pronounced than previously assumed, with automatized mental operations being uncommon.
    • Practice effects on performance are not as dramatic as commonly believed.
    • Optimal task set engagement is linked to learning during actual task performance, not just anticipation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights the dynamic and context-dependent nature of attentional control.
    • It suggests a re-evaluation of automaticity's role in cognitive performance.
    • Findings emphasize the importance of active task engagement for learning and performance optimization.