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This review details a century of progress in understanding ascites causes and management. Advances in diuretics and procedures like liver transplantation have significantly improved patient care for ascites.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, is a common complication of various diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of ascites formation and associated complications like renal sodium retention has evolved significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the advancements in the understanding and management of ascites over the past century.
  • To highlight the expansion of known causes and improved pathophysiological insights into ascites development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies published over the last 100 years.
  • Analysis of the progression in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ascites management.

Main Results:

  • The number of identified causes for ascites has substantially increased.
  • Pathophysiological understanding of fluid accumulation and renal sodium retention in portal hypertensive ascites has been refined.
  • Newer diuretics and procedural interventions have simplified ascites management.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in comprehending ascites etiology and pathophysiology.
  • Modern medical and surgical advancements offer more effective management options for patients with ascites.
  • Continued research is crucial for further improving outcomes in ascites management.