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Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long-pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: I. Histological study
B Majaron1, K M Kelly, H B Park
1Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA. boris.majaron@ijs
Background And Objective:
To evaluate histologically the characteristics of repetitive Er:YAG laser exposure of skin in combination with cryogen spray cooling (CSC), and its potential as a method of laser skin resurfacing.
Study Design/Materials And Methods:
Rat skin was irradiated in vivo with sequences of 10 Er:YAG laser pulses (repetition rate 20 Hz, pulse duration 150 or 550 micros, single-pulse fluence 1.3-5.2 J/cm(2)). In some examples, CSC was applied to reduce epidermal injury. Histologic evaluation was performed 1 hour, 1 day, 5 days, and 4 weeks post-irradiation.
Results:
A sequence of ten 550-micros pulses with fluences around 2 J/cm(2) resulted in acute dermal collagen coagulation to a depth of approximately 250 microm, without complete epidermal ablation. CSC improved epidermal preservation, but also diminished the coagulation depth. Four weeks after irradiation, neo-collagen formation was observed to depths in excess of 100 microm.
Conclusions:
Dermal collagen coagulation and neo-collagen formation to depths similar to those observed after CO(2) laser resurfacing can be achieved without complete ablation of the epidermis by rapidly stacking long Er:YAG laser pulses. Application of CSC does not offer significant epidermal protection for a given dermal coagulation depth.