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The revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire: R-SPQ-2F.

J Biggs1, D Kember, D Y Leung

  • 1University of Hong Kong.

The British Journal of Educational Psychology
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Teachers can now use a revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) to assess student learning approaches. This updated tool efficiently measures deep and surface learning strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The original Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) has been a tool for understanding student learning.
  • A need existed for a more streamlined instrument for practical classroom use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a revised, two-factor version of the Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F).
  • To create a concise instrument for teachers to evaluate student learning approaches (deep and surface).

Main Methods:

  • Developed 43 items from the original SPQ, modified items, and new items.
  • Refined the instrument through testing, resulting in 5-item motive and strategy scales for each approach (deep and surface).
  • Validated the final R-SPQ-2F using reliability procedures and confirmatory factor analysis on samples of 229 and 495 university students.

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Main Results:

  • The R-SPQ-2F demonstrated acceptable scale reliability with good Cronbach alpha values.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported the intended two-factor structure (deep and surface approaches).
  • Both deep and surface approach scales effectively identified motive and strategy subscales.

Conclusions:

  • The revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) is a simple, effective tool for teachers.
  • It enables teachers to evaluate their teaching and students' learning approaches.