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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Tracking Microbial Contamination in Retail Environments Using Fluorescent Powder - A Retail Delicatessen Environment Example
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Published on: March 6, 2014

Fingertip dermatitis in a retail florist.

J D Guin, H Franks

    Cutis
    |April 28, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Tulip stem stripping can cause allergic contact dermatitis due to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone. This allergen is also found in Alstroemeria and other plants, affecting florists and floral workers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Toxicology
    • Botany

    Background:

    • Plant contact dermatitis is a common occupational hazard for florists.
    • Reports of tulip-induced allergy are infrequent, despite widespread handling of tulips.

    Observation:

    • A patient presented with severe hand dermatitis affecting the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
    • The patient's symptoms were linked to stripping leaves from tulip stems for floral arrangements.

    Findings:

    • Patch testing confirmed a strong positive reaction to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone.
    • This chemical is identified as the causative agent in both Alstroemeria dermatitis and tulip finger.

    Implications:

    • Highlights the potential for tulip exposure to cause allergic contact dermatitis in florists.
    • Identifies alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone as a key allergen in floral work.
    • Suggests a need for increased awareness and protective measures when handling tulips and related plants.