Occlusion: what it is and what it is not

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Science
• Physiology

Background:

• Dental occlusion is biologically defined as the coordinated functional interaction of masticatory system cells.
• Morphologic variations in occlusion are common and often represent a stable, functional equilibrium for the patient.
• The increasing prevalence of dental implants necessitates clear treatment criteria for occlusion management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To emphasize a biologically comprehensive definition of dental occlusion.
• To highlight the importance of individualized treatment criteria for occlusal management.
• To review the established and potential correlations between occlusion and masticatory system health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of established scientific evidence.
• Analysis of the biological definition of occlusion beyond simple tooth contact.
• Evaluation of the correlation between occlusion and dental/masticatory system health.

Main Results:

• Dental occlusion is a dynamic biological process involving cellular interactions and tissue remodeling.
• Individualized occlusal treatment, based on patient-specific physiologic needs, is vital for successful dental and tissue maintenance.
• Current scientific evidence does not support a direct correlation between occlusion and jaw musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusions:

• Occlusion management should be individualized, considering the specific physiological requirements of the masticatory system.
• Proper occlusal management is directly linked to the success of dental treatments and the maintenance of teeth and supporting tissues.
• A scientifically proven link between occlusion and temporomandibular joint or masticatory muscle disorders has not been established.