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Updated: Oct 7, 2026

Embedded Bioprinting of Tissue-like Structures Using κ-Carrageenan Sub-Microgel Medium
Published on: May 3, 2024
On the structure of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans
F van de Velde1, H A Peppelman, H S Rollema
1Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, The Netherlands. fvelde@nizo.nl
Abstract:
The coil-to-helix transition and temperature dependence of the viscosity of commercial kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans produced by the red algae Sarcothalia crispata, Mazaella laminarioides, and Chondrus crispus were studied using rheometry and optical rotation. The structure of these kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans was determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy combined with monosaccharide composition analysis. The coil-to-helix transitions, measured by polarimetry and rheometry, of the kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans are significantly different from those of pure kappa- and iota-carrageenan, and from hand-made mixtures thereof. This provides evidence that the kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans are mixed chains, containing both kappa- and iota-repeating units.
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