Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: considerations for the operating room of the future

Recent technological advances have made possible the introduction of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system into the operating room to guide neurosurgical interventions. We review the possibilities and limitations associated with various open-configuration magnet designs, including systems from the Phillips, Siemens, General Electric, Odin and IMRIS designs. This technology has been shown to be a feasible adjunct to current neurosurgical management of intracranial brain tumors for both biopsy and resection procedures and shows significant potential applications for epilepsy surgery, spine surgery and for minimally invasive interventional techniques. Combined with other surgical planning modalities, intra-operative MRI scanners provide an evolutionary influence on the design of today's operating room.