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Updated: Aug 3, 2026

Evaluation of Intracellular Location of Reactive Oxygen Species in Solea Senegalensis Spermatozoa
Published on: March 11, 2018
Human spermicidal activity of inorganic and organic oxidants
T R Green1, J H Fellman, D P Wolf
1Research and Development Division, OxiBio, Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA. green@oxibio.com
Objective:
To identify prospective oxidants that rapidly immobilize human sperm upon contact with human semen.
Design:
Inorganic, organic, and enzymatically-generated oxidants were mixed with human semen and spermicidal activity was tracked by a modified Sander-Cramer assay.
Setting:
Commercial and university-based laboratories.
Patient(S):
Semen samples obtained through a university-based andrology laboratory.
Intervention(S):
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Quantitation of spermicidal activity of test oxidants.
Result(S):
Sperm lost motility within 20 seconds of exposure to enzymatically generated free iodine (I(2)). Toluidine blue, phenazine methosulfate, or methylene blue exhibited some, albeit much less, spermicidal activity. Oxidants formed by mixing ascorbic acid with Fe(III)-EDTA, xanthine with xanthine oxidase, or by exposing sperm to the nitric oxide generator, SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride), were far less potent spermicidal agents.
Conclusion(S):
Free I(2) formed in situ and presented to semen is an extremely potent spermicide. Additional studies on methods of generating de novo I(2) may be beneficial in developing a novel new class of nondetergent-based spermicides.
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