[Protection against biting mosquitoes]

The protection against arthropods especially disease transmitting mosquitoes is becoming more and more important. The problems with drugs used for treatment and prophylactic of malaria are rapidly growing due to emergence of resistant parasites and unwanted side effects. Furthermore the population living in endemic area often can't afford the new expensive drugs. A safe and effective way of preventing insect bites is needed. One can prevent arthropod born diseases by avoiding insect bites through physical and chemical means or a combination of both. Repellents are substances applied to the skin, which effectively prevent insects from biting. The gold standard is still Diethylbenzamine (DEET), which is highly effective, well documented and in use for more than 50 years. The new repellent Bayrepel (hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidin carboxylate) available to the consumer since 1998, seems to have an efficacy comparable with DEET. Insecticides have a direct toxic effect on the nervous system of arthropods. Mainly synthetic pyrethroids, which produce less ecological problems than the older products, are used. They are supplied in form of sprays, vaporising mats or coils. An important progress is the combination of insecticides with physical means. Insecticide treated bed nets or clothes give an excellent protection. Topical or systemic Vitamin B1, acoustic devices and electrocuters are still sold and widely used although their complete ineffectivity is documented in many studies.