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Related Experiment Videos

Quantum interference of superfluid 3He.

R W Simmonds1, A Marchenkov, E Hoskinson

  • 1Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.

Nature
|July 14, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Quantum interference was observed in superfluid 3He, a liquid, using a double-path experiment. This demonstrates the quantum-wave nature of liquids and reveals the 3He quantum of circulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Wave-particle duality is a fundamental quantum concept demonstrated by interference experiments with light and electrons.
  • Quantum interference has been observed in various quantum systems, including neutrons, atoms, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • The d.c. superconducting quantum interference device (d.c. SQUID) utilizes double-path quantum interference in condensed matter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate quantum interference phenomena in a liquid system, specifically superfluid 3He.
  • To demonstrate the quantum-wave nature of superfluid 3He through a double-path interference experiment.
  • To explore the control of quantum phase shifts and observe interference patterns in superfluid 3He.

Main Methods:

  • A double-path interference experiment was designed for superfluid 3He, analogous to the d.c. SQUID geometry.
  • Quantum phase shifts were controlled using the Earth's rotation.
  • Interference patterns were measured and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A classic interference pattern was observed in the superfluid 3He system.
  • The periodicity of the interference pattern was found to be determined by the quantum of circulation in 3He.
  • This experiment successfully demonstrated quantum interference in a liquid.

Conclusions:

  • Superfluid 3He exhibits quantum-wave behavior, analogous to other quantum systems.
  • The experiment validates the use of double-path interference techniques in liquid systems.
  • The findings provide a new method for probing the quantum properties of superfluids.

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