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Quantum interference of superfluid 3He.

R W Simmonds¹, A Marchenkov, E Hoskinson

¹Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.

|July 14, 2001

Summary

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Quantum interference was observed in superfluid 3He, a liquid, using a double-path experiment. This demonstrates the quantum-wave nature of liquids and reveals the 3He quantum of circulation.

Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics
Fluid dynamics

Background:

Wave-particle duality is a fundamental quantum concept demonstrated by interference experiments with light and electrons.
Quantum interference has been observed in various quantum systems, including neutrons, atoms, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
The d.c. superconducting quantum interference device (d.c. SQUID) utilizes double-path quantum interference in condensed matter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate quantum interference phenomena in a liquid system, specifically superfluid 3He.
To demonstrate the quantum-wave nature of superfluid 3He through a double-path interference experiment.
To explore the control of quantum phase shifts and observe interference patterns in superfluid 3He.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

A double-path interference experiment was designed for superfluid 3He, analogous to the d.c. SQUID geometry.
Quantum phase shifts were controlled using the Earth's rotation.
Interference patterns were measured and analyzed.

Main Results:

A classic interference pattern was observed in the superfluid 3He system.
The periodicity of the interference pattern was found to be determined by the quantum of circulation in 3He.
This experiment successfully demonstrated quantum interference in a liquid.

Conclusions:

Superfluid 3He exhibits quantum-wave behavior, analogous to other quantum systems.
The experiment validates the use of double-path interference techniques in liquid systems.
The findings provide a new method for probing the quantum properties of superfluids.