Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

26:43
Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli
Published on: July 29, 2007
Conditions enabling the evolution of inter-agent signaling in an artificial world
J A Reggia1, R Schulz, G S Wilkinson
1Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. reggia@cs.umd.edu
Artificial Life
|July 20, 2001
Summary
In an artificial world, agents evolved communication for food and predators. Environmental factors and evolutionary methods significantly influenced whether and how this grounded signaling emerged.
Area of Science:
- Computational ethology
- Artificial life
- Evolutionary computation
Background:
- Animal communication systems are complex and often involve signals that are both beneficial and costly.
- Previous research has explored animal signaling computationally, but less is known about the specific conditions favoring its evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate environmental conditions promoting the evolution of grounded signaling in an artificial world.
- To determine how variations in evolutionary process assumptions affect communication emergence.
Main Methods:
- Simulated an artificial world with initially noncommunicating agents.
- Evolved agents to communicate about food sources and predators using computational methods.
- Varied environmental parameters (predator impact, food source characteristics) and evolutionary selection criteria.
Main Results:
- Predator alarm signals evolved when predators significantly impacted survival and signaling hindered predators.
- Food signaling was favored by hard-to-locate food sources with high nutritional value.
- Modifications to genetic algorithm selection (e.g., spatial locality, survival+fitness) influenced signaling evolution.
Conclusions:
- Environmental pressures and specific evolutionary mechanisms are critical for the emergence of grounded communication.
- Findings provide insights into artificial life research and can be related to real-world animal signaling behaviors.
Related Concept Videos
Contact-dependent Signaling
Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
What is Cell Signaling?
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
What is Cell Signaling?
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
Overview of Cell Signaling
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Types of Signaling Molecules
In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...

