Disorders of the thumb sesamoids

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic surgery
• Hand and wrist anatomy
• Rheumatology

Background:

• The subsesamoid joints of the thumb are frequent sites of arthritic conditions.
• Their diminutive size presents diagnostic challenges for associated disorders.
• These joints, along with the volar plate complex, are susceptible to hyperextension injuries, potentially causing mechanical dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the diagnostic difficulties associated with subsesamoid thumb joint disorders.
• To discuss the role of acute injuries to these joints.
• To present surgical excision as a treatment for chronic sesamoid pain.

Main Methods:

• Review of anatomical considerations of the subsesamoid joints.
• Analysis of injury mechanisms involving hyperextension.
• Evaluation of outcomes following simple sesamoid excision.

Main Results:

• Arthritis in the subsesamoid thumb joints is prevalent.
• Diagnosis is often complicated by the small joint size.
• Surgical excision of chronically symptomatic sesamoids yields excellent patient relief.

Conclusions:

• Subsesamoid joint pathology in the thumb requires careful diagnostic consideration.
• Acute injuries can impact joint function.
• Simple excision is an effective treatment for chronic, painful sesamoid conditions.