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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

45.0K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs
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Screening for neural tube defects.

A Drugan1, A Weissman, M I Evans

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. a_drugan@rambam.health.gov.il

Clinics in Perinatology
|August 14, 2001
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural tube defects, including brain and spine malformations, have complex causes. Routine screening since the 1970s/1980s has significantly reduced birth diagnoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital abnormalities affecting the brain and spine.
  • NTDs are categorized into skull/brain abnormalities (anencephaly, acrania, encephalocele) and spinal malformations (meningomyelocele, spina bifida).
  • Etiologies are diverse, including genetic factors, maternal health conditions, and teratogen exposure, often presenting as multifactorial traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the classification and etiology of neural tube defects.
  • To highlight the impact of public health screening initiatives on NTD prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NTD classification and causes.
  • Analysis of historical data on NTD screening program implementation and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Neural tube defects encompass a spectrum of brain and spinal malformations.
  • Screening programs implemented in the UK and US have led to a significant decrease in NTDs diagnosed at birth.

Conclusions:

  • Neural tube defects are serious congenital conditions with multifactorial origins.
  • Public health screening is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of neural tube defects.