Hemarthrosis as initial presentation of scurvy.

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Dermatology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Scurvy, a condition resulting from vitamin C deficiency, is uncommon but can present diagnostic challenges due to its varied symptoms.
• Impaired collagen synthesis is the primary mechanism behind scurvy's clinical manifestations, including bleeding and hair abnormalities.

Observation:

• A 43-year-old male presented with hemarthrosis without a prior bleeding disorder history.
• Physical examination revealed perifollicular hyperpigmentation and corkscrew hairs, indicative of scurvy.
• The patient reported a diet devoid of fruits and vegetables, correlating with a significantly low serum vitamin C level.

Findings:

• The patient's presentation, including hemarthrosis and characteristic skin and hair changes, strongly suggested scurvy.
• Laboratory results confirmed markedly decreased serum vitamin C levels.
• The diagnosis of scurvy was established based on clinical presentation, dietary history, and biochemical evidence.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering scurvy in the differential diagnosis of bleeding disorders, even in non-traditional populations.
• Prompt recognition and treatment with vitamin C supplementation can lead to rapid symptom resolution and prevent long-term complications.
• Dietary counseling and awareness of vitamin C-rich food sources are crucial for preventing scurvy recurrence.