Label and extra label drug use in small ruminants

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pharmacology
• Food Animal Medicine
• Regulatory Science

Background:

• Limited approved drug options exist for small ruminant practitioners in the United States.
• Familiarity with laws and regulations governing extra-label drug use is crucial for veterinarians.
• Extra-label drug use in food animals is permissible only for therapeutic purposes under specific circumstances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the legal framework and restrictions surrounding extra-label drug use in small ruminants.
• To identify specific drugs that are illegal for use in small ruminants.
• To emphasize the importance of adhering to regulations to ensure food safety.

Main Methods:

• Review of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and guidelines.
• Identification of prohibited drugs and extra-label use practices in small ruminant medicine.
• Analysis of legal implications for veterinarians regarding drug residues.

Main Results:

• Chloramphenicol, clenbuterol, diethylstilbestrol, nitroimidazoles (e.g., metronidazole), dipyrone, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, nitrofurans, and furazolidone are illegal in small ruminants.
• Extra-label use of medication in animal feed is prohibited.
• Using drugs that result in residues exceeding established tolerances or safe levels is illegal.

Conclusions:

• Veterinarians must exercise caution and adhere strictly to regulations regarding extra-label drug use in small ruminants.
• Compliance with drug laws is essential for animal welfare and public health.
• Understanding prohibited substances and use limitations prevents illegal residues and ensures food safety.