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Related Experiment Videos

Localization of a time-delayed, monocular virtual object superimposed on a real environment.

J W McCandless1, S R Ellis, B D Adelstein

  • 1San Jose State University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA. jmccandless@mail.arc.nasa.gov

Presence (Cambridge, Mass.)
|September 7, 2001
PubMed
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Virtual object distance perception in head-mounted displays is less accurate with increased time delays and depicted distances. Errors in localization linearly increase with time delay, impacting virtual reality experiences.

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Virtual Reality
  • Perception Psychology

Background:

  • Head-mounted displays (HMDs) are increasingly used for virtual reality (VR) applications.
  • Accurate spatial perception, particularly distance judgment, is crucial for immersive and effective VR experiences.
  • Motion parallax is a key visual cue for depth perception, but its effectiveness in VR can be affected by system latencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of system time delay on the accuracy of virtual object distance perception in a see-through HMD.
  • To quantify the relationship between time delay, depicted distance, and localization error.
  • To develop a model explaining the observed errors in virtual distance judgment.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed monocular virtual objects in a see-through HMD and adjusted a pointer to match the object's depicted distance.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline Space Human Factors

Related Experiment Videos

  • Motion parallax was provided by observers rocking side-to-side.
  • Experiments were conducted with four time delays (31 ms, 64 ms, 131 ms, 197 ms) and three depicted distances (75 cm, 95 cm, 113 cm).

    • Main Results:

    • Localization errors increased systematically with both increasing time delay and increasing depicted distance.
    • A linear relationship was observed between judgment error and time delay.
    • The lateral projected position of the virtual object was also found to be linearly related to time delay.

    Conclusions:

    • System time delay in HMDs significantly degrades the accuracy of virtual object distance perception.
    • Both the perceived distance and the accuracy of localization are negatively impacted by latency.
    • Minimizing time delay is critical for improving the realism and usability of virtual reality systems.