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Updated: Jul 29, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 27, 2010
[Diagnosis and assessment of pain]
1Pain Relief Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
Abstract:
Good management of pain depends on accurate assessment. We describe some approaches to the measurement of pain or suffering, including visual analogue scale, the MacGill Pain Questionnaire and behavioral observation scale. Patient's self-reporting provides the most valid information, because pain is a personal and subjective. Behavioral approaches to pain measurement, such as behavioral observation scale are useful for pain assessment for infants, children without language skills. Intravenous barbiturate, phentolamine(alpha-adrenergic antagonist), lidocaine(Na channel blocker), morphine(opioid), or ketamine(NMDA antagonist) may contribute to pain assessment as diagnostic tools for the investigation of the etiology of pain, especially neuropathic pain.
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