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High-resistance versus variable-resistance training in older adults
G R Hunter1, C J Wetzstein, C L McLafferty
1Departments of Human Studies and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-1250, USA.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 3, 2001
Summary
High-resistance (HR) and variable-resistance (VR) training improved strength and fat-free mass in older adults. VR training showed greater improvements in daily activity tasks compared to HR training.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
Background:
- Aging is associated with a decline in muscle mass and strength, impacting functional independence.
- Resistance training is a key intervention to counteract age-related functional decline in older adults.
- Optimizing resistance training protocols is crucial for maximizing benefits in the elderly population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effects of high-resistance (HR) training versus variable-resistance (VR) training on strength, body composition, and daily activity tasks (DAT) in older adults.
- To investigate the impact of different resistance training frequencies and intensities on functional outcomes in individuals over 60.
- To determine if VR training offers superior functional benefits compared to traditional HR training in the aging population.
Main Methods:
- A 6-month randomized controlled trial involving healthy older adults (age >60).
- Participants were assigned to HR training (80% 1RM, 3x/week), VR training (varied intensity, 3x/week), or a control group.
- Measurements included body composition, isometric strength, 1RM strength, and DAT performance (heart rate, oxygen uptake, electromyography, perceived exertion).
Main Results:
- Both HR and VR training groups significantly increased fat-free mass and strength, with no significant differences between groups.
- No significant changes were observed in the control group for any parameter.
- The VR group demonstrated a greater reduction in normalized integrated electromyography during a carry task, indicating improved task efficiency compared to the HR group.
Conclusions:
- While both HR and VR training enhance strength and fat-free mass in older adults, VR training may lead to greater improvements in specific daily activities.
- The findings suggest that optimizing resistance training frequency and intensity, as with VR, could yield more significant functional gains.
- Further research into varied resistance training protocols is warranted to maximize functional independence in aging populations.